Share:


Evaluation of noise exposure levels of pedestrians in suburban Chennai, India

    Minu Salim Affiliation
    ; Suriya Saravanan Affiliation

Abstract

The study assessed traffic noise exposure levels of citizens walking on the sidewalks at important road crossings in commercial land zone regions of Chennai’s suburbs. The noise data from signalized and unsignalized intersections are collected with a class I sound level meter for peak and non-peak hours from 6 AM to 10 PM. Different noise indices like A-weighted equivalent continuous noise level (Leq), Traffic Noise Index (TNI), Noise Pollution Level (Lnp) and Noise Climate (NC) are calculated and compared with Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB, 2017) and WHO standards. The inhabitants’ noise exposure levels are at an average value of 80–107.1 dB(A) which is alarmingly higher than the threshold levels of 70 dB(A) by WHO. A Risk Exposure Assessment (REA) questionnaire survey conducted on the area revealed that unsafe health situations persist for the public in the study regions.

Keyword : correlation, noise indices, risk exposure assessment, sound level meter, WHO standards

How to Cite
Salim, M., & Saravanan, S. (2024). Evaluation of noise exposure levels of pedestrians in suburban Chennai, India. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 32(3), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2024.21834
Published in Issue
Sep 13, 2024
Abstract Views
168
PDF Downloads
73
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Abbaspour, M., Karimi, F., Nassiri, P., Monazzam, M. R., & Taghavi, L. (2015). Hierarchal assessment of noise pollution in urban areas – A case study. Transportation Research Part D, 34, 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2014.10.002

Abraham, I. A., Bamedele Sunday, I., Badrudden Saulawa, S., Alfa Abubakar, U., & James Ijimdiya, S. (2022). Public perception on environmental noise pollution: A case study in Zaria city, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal, 9(2), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.34172/EHEM.2022.15

Agarwal, S., Swami, B., & Gupta, A. B. (2009). Development of a noise prediction model under interrupted traffic flow conditions: A case study for Jaipur city. Noise and Health, 11, 189–193. https://doi.org/10.4103/1463-1741.56211

Ali, S. S., & Albayati, A. H. K. (2022). Statistical modelling for traffic noise: The case of Kirkuk city. Engineering Technology and Applied Science Research, 12(5), 9108–9112. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5173

Alías, F., & Alsina-Pagès, R. M. (2019). Review of wireless acoustic sensor networks for environmental noise monitoring in smart cities. Journal of Sensors, 2019, Article 7634860. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7634860

Alkheder, S., & Almutairi, R. (2021). Roadway traffic noise modelling in the hot hyper-arid Arabian Gulf region using adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system. Transportation Research Part D, 97, Article 102917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102917

Ascari, E., Cerchiai, M., Fredianelli, L., & Licitra, G. (2022). Statistical pass-by for unattended road traffic noise measurement in an urban environment. Sensors, 22(22), Article 8767. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228767

Asdrubali, F., & D’Alessandro, F. (2018). Innovative approaches for noise management in smart cities: A review. Current Pollution Reports, 4(2), 143–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-018-0090-z

Banerjee, D. (2012). Research on road traffic noise and human health in India: Review of literature from 1991 to current. Noise and Health, 14, 113–118.

Banerjee, D., Chakraborty, S. K., Bhattacharya, S., & Gangopadhyay, A. (2008). Evaluation and analysis of road traffic noise in Asansol: An industrial town of eastern India. International Journal of Environmental Research, Public Health, 5, 165–171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph5030165

Bluhm, G. L., Berglind, N., Nordling, E., & Rosenlund, M. (2007). Road traffic noise and hypertension. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 64(2), 122–126. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2005.025866

Bostanci, B. (2018). Accuracy assessment of noise mapping on the main street. Arabian Journal of Geoscience, 11(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3343-z

Central Pollution Control Board. (2017). Status of ambient noise level in India-National Ambient Noise Monitoring Network. https://cpcb.nic.in/noise_data/Noise_Report_2017.pdf

Chaitanya, S. V. K. (2020, February 17th). The New Indian Express.

Chandran, S., Joseph, B., & Jayaprakash, O. P. (2005). Traffic noise modeling under heterogeneous conditions for Madurai city roads. Indian Journal of Environmental Research, 17(2), 215–223.

Chowdhury, S. C., Razzaque, M. M., Helali, M. M., & Boden, H. (2010, July 18–22). Assessment of noise pollution in Dhaka City. In Proceedings of the 17th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (pp. 1–8), Cairo, Egypt.

Cirianni, F., & Leonardi, G. (2015). Artificial neural network for traffic noise modelling. Advances in Fuzzy Systems, 10(22), 1–9.

Cyril, A., & Bino, I. K. (2013). Modelling of road traffic noise. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2, 125–130.

da Paz, E. C., & Zannin, P. H. T.(2010). Urban daytime traffic noise prediction models. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 163(1–4), 515–529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0854-4

Dratva, J., Phuleria, H. C., Foraster, M., Gaspoz, J.-M., Keidel, D., Künzli, N., Sally Liu, L.-J., Pons, M., Zemp, E., Gerbase, M. W., & Schindler, C. (2012). Transportation noise and blood pressure in a population‐based sample of adults. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(1), 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103448

Erickson, L. C., & Newman, R. S. (2017). Influences of background noise on infants and children. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26(5), 451–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417709087

Esmeray, E., & Eren, S. (2021). GIS-based mapping and assessment of noise pollution in Safranbolu, Karabuk, Turkey. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 15413–15431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01303-5

Fredianelli, L., Carpita, S., & Licitra, G. (2019). A procedure for deriving wind turbine noise limits by taking into account annoyance. Science of the Total Environment, 648, 728–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.107

Gheibi, M., Karrabi, M., Latifi, P., & Fathollahi-Fard, A. M. (2022). Evaluation of traffic noise pollution using geographic information system and descriptive statistical method: A case study in Mashhad, Iran. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18532-4

Gilani, T. A., & Mir, M. S. (2021). Association of road traffic noise exposure and prevalence of coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional study in North India. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 53458–53477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14582-2

Google Earth. (2022). https://earth.google.com/web/

Guha, M. (2022). Noise pollution and mental health. Journal of Mental Health, 31, 605–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2022.2118694

Hu, X., Yang, T., Xu, Z., Jin, J., Wang, J., Rao, S., Li, G., Cai, Y. S., & Huang, J. (2023). Mediation of metabolic syndrome in the association between long-term co-exposure to road traffic noise, air pollution and incident type 2 diabetes. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 258, Article 114992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114992

Ibili, F., Owolabi, A. O., Ackaah, W., & Massaquoi, A. B. (2022). Statistical modelling for urban roads traffic noise levels. Scientific African, 15, Article e01131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01131

Iglesias-Merchan, C., Laborda-Somolinos, R., González-Ávila, S., & Elena-Rosselló, R. (2021). Spatio-temporal changes of road traffic noise pollution at ecoregional scale. Environmental Pollution, 286, Article 117291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117291

International Organization for Standardization. (2003). Acoustics – description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise – Part 1: Basic quantities and assessment procedures (ISO 1996-1). Geneva.

Jain, N. (2021). Survey versus interviews: Comparing data collection tools for exploratory research. The Qualitative Report, 26(2), 541–554. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2021.4492

Karthik, K., & Partheeban, P. (2015). Studies on noise pollution model for Chennai. International Journal for Earth Science and Engineering, 8, 2074–2078.

Keerthana, G. R., Neelima Singhvi, C. V., Saranya, S., & Kannan, T. (2013). An analysis of noise pollution in Tirupur city. Scholar Journal of Engineering and Technology, 1, 154–168.

Khajehvand, M., Rassafi, A. A., & Mirbaha, B. (2021). Modeling traffic noise level near at-grade junctions: Roundabouts, T and cross intersections. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 1(93), Article 102752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102752

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurements, 30(3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308

Kumari, S., Sharma, A., & Ghosh, A. K. (2023). Noise pollution and associated health impacts at Ganeshpeth Bus Terminus in Nagpur, India. Noise Mapping, 10, Article 20220168. https://doi.org/10.1515/noise-2022-0168

Langdon, F. J., & Scholes, W. (1968). The traffic noise index: A method of controlling noise nuisance. Architects’ Journal, 147, 1–21.

Lee, P. J., Park, S. H., Jeong, J. H., Choung, T., & Kim, K. Y. (2019). Association between transportation noise and blood pressure in adults living in multi-storey residential buildings. Environment International, 132, Article 105101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105101

Licitra, G., Bernardini, M., Carpita, S., Pizzo, L. Del., Bianco, F., & Fredianeli, L. (2022). Evaluation of the seasonality of road traffic noise in a port town. In Proceedings of the International Congress on Sound and Vibration (pp. 1–8), Singapore.

Licitra, G., Bolognese, M., Chiari, C., Carpita, S., & Fredianelli, L. (2022). Noise source predominance map: A new representation for strategic noise maps. Noise Mapping, 9, 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1515/noise-2022-0163

Licitra, G., Fredianelli, L., Petri, D., & Vigotti, M. A. (2016). Annoyance evaluation due to overall railway noise and vibration in Pisa urban areas. Science of the Total Environment, 568, 1315–1325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.071

Liu, Y., Ma, X., Shu, L., Yang, Q., Zhang, Y., Huo, Z., & Zhou, Z. (2020). Internet of things for noise mapping in smart cities: State of the art and future directions. IEEE Network, 34(4), 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.011.1900634

López, J. M., Alonso, J., Asensio, C., Pavón, I., Gascó, L., & de Arcas, G. (2020). A digital signal processor based acoustic sensor for outdoor noise monitoring in smart cities. Sensors, 20(3), Article 605. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030605

Miedema, H. M., & Oudshoorn, C. G. (2001). Annoyance from transportation noise: Relationships with exposure metrics DNL and DENL and their confidence intervals. Environmental Health Perspect, 109, 409–416. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.01109409

Ministry of Environment and Forests. (2000). The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000). https://wwfin.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/the_noise_pollution__regulation_and_control__rules__2000.pdf

Mishra, R. K., Nair, K., Kumar, K., & Shukla, A. (2021). Dynamic noise mapping of road traffic in an urban city. Arabian Journal of Geoscience, 14(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06373-9

Mitchell, P. (2009). Speed and road traffic noise, the role that lower speeds could play in cutting noise from traffic. UK Noizse Association.

Moreno, R., Bianco, F., Carpita, S., Monticelli, A., Fredianelli, L., & Licitra, G. (2023). Adjusted Controlled Pass-By (CPB) method for urban road traffic noise assessment. Sustainability, 15(6), Article 5340. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065340

Moroe, N., & Mabaso, P. (2022). Quantifying traffic noise pollution levels: A cross-sectional survey in South Africa. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 3454–3462. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07145-z

Mousavi, S. A., & Sohrabi, P. (2018). A comprehensive evaluation of the level of noise pollution in hospitals of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Global NEST Journal, 20(2), 363–367. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002416

Muzet, A. (2007). Environmental noise, sleep and health. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 11, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2006.09.001

Naji, F. K., Djahed, B., Mahvi, A. H., Nowrouz, P., Nazmara, S., & Kardooni, H. (2020). Urban land use effect analysis on the level of noise pollution using satellite and GIS technologies: A case study in Tehran city. Global NEST Journal, 22(3), 361–368. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.003337

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2022). What causes noise-induced hearing loss (NIH Publication No. 14-4233). https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/noise-induced-hearing-loss

Nirjar, R. S., Jain, S. S., Parida, M., Kartiyar, V. S., & Mittal, N. (2003). A study of transport related noise pollution in Delhi. Journal of the Institution of Engineers, 84, 6–15.

Nungate, R., & Alam, W. (2022). Traffic noise pollution assessment in major road junctions of Imphal city, Manipur (India). Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 21, 457–468. https://doi.org/10.46488/NEPT.2022.v21i02.004

Ohiduzzaman, M. D., Sirin, O., Kassem, E., & Rochat, J. L. (2016). State-of-the-art review on sustainable design and construction of quieter pavements—Part 1: Traffic noise measurement and abatement techniques. Sustainability, 8(8), Article 742. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080742

Ozer, S., Yilmaz, H., Yeşil, M., & Yeşil, P. (2009). Evaluation of noise pollution caused by vehicles in the city of Tokat, Turkey. Scientific Research Essays, 4(11), 1205–1212.

Pal, D., & Bhattacharya, D. (2012). Effect of road traffic noise pollution on human work efficiency in government offices, private organizations, and commercial business centres in Agartala city using fuzzy expert system: A case study. Advances in Fuzzy Systems, 2012(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/828593

Petri, D., Licitra, G., Vigotti, M. A., & Fredianelli, L. (2021). Effects of exposure to road, railway, airport and recreational noise on blood pressure and hypertension. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), Article 9145. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179145

Petrovici, A., Tomozei, C., Nedeff, F., Irimaia, O., & Panainte-Lehadus, M. (2016). Review on the road traffic noise assessment. Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, 22(1), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.29081/jesr.v22i1.125

Prabhavathy, S., & Anuradha, C. T. (2009). GIS-based 3D noise pollution modeling for Virudhunagar Municipality. GIS India, 18, 3–5.

Rahman, M. M., Tasnim, F., Quader, M. A., Bhuiyan, M. N.-U.-I., Sakib, M. S., Tabassum, R., Shobuj, I. A., Hasan, L., Chisty, M. A., Rahman, F., Alam, E., & Islam, A. R. M. T. (2022). Perceived noise pollution and self-reported health status among adult population of Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), Article 2394. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042394

Rahmani, S., Mousavi, S. M., & Kamali, M. J. (2011). Modeling of road-traffic noise with the use of genetic algorithm. Applied Soft Computing, 11, 1008–1013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2010.01.022

Robinson, D. W. (1971). The concept of noise pollution level. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 13, 602–604. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-197112000-00023

Roopa, S., & Rani, M. S. (2012). Questionnaire designing for a survey. The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society, 46(4), 273–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0974909820120509S

Rossi, L., Prato, A., Lesina, L., & Schiavi, A. (2018). Effects of low-frequency noise on human cognitive performances in laboratory. Building Acoustics, 25(1), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1351010X18756800

Sahu, S. K., Kumar, B. R. S., Parvez, Y. A., & Verma, A. (2023). Assessment of noise levels by using noise prediction modeling. The Scientific Temper, 14(3), 909–915. https://doi.org/10.58414/SCIENTIFICTEMPER.2023.14.3.54

Salim, M., & Saravanan, S. (2020). A review of traffic noise pollution assessment techniques. Journal of Seybold Report, 15, 525–532.

Shalini, K., & Kumar, B. (2018). Study of road traffic noise sound pressure levels in Varanasi city, India. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13, 6248–6252.

Sharma, M., Dahiya, M., Saini, P. K., & Garg, N. (2013). Application of Artificial Neural Network for modeling of traffic noise on roads in Delhi. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 1, 31–36.

Shukla, A. K., Jain, S. S., Parida, M., & Srivastava, J. B. (2009). Performance of FHWA model for predicting traffic noise: A case study of metropolitan city, Lucknow (India). Transport, 24(3), 234–240. https://doi.org/10.3846/1648-4142.2009.24.234-240

Singh, D., Francavilla, A. B., Mancini, S., & Guarnaccia, C. (2021). Application of machine learning to include honking effect in vehicular traffic noise prediction. Applied Science, 11, A­rticle 6030. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11136030

Soni, A. R., Makde, K., Amrit, K., Vijay, R., & Kumar, R. (2022). Noise prediction and environmental noise capacity for urban traffic of Mumbai. Applied Acoustics, 188(3), Aricle 108516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2021.108516

Subramani, T., & Sounder, S. (2016). A case study and analysis of noise pollution for Chennai using GIS. International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science, 5(3), 125–134.

Swain, B., & Goswami, S. (2014). Analysis and appraisal of urban road traffic noise of the city of Cuttack, India. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences, 57(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.57.1.2014.10.19

Tong, H., & Kang, J. (2021). Relationships between noise complaints and socio-economic factors in England. Sustainable Cities and Society, 65, Article 102573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102573

Tripathi, B. D., Pathak, V., & Upadhyay, A. R. (2006). A case study of noise pollution in the city of Varanasi. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 26(8), 737–741.

Van Kempen, E., & Babisch, W. (2012). The quantitative relationship between road traffic noise and hypertension: A meta-analysis. Journal of Hypertension, 30(6), 1075–1086. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e328352ac54

Vijay, R., Sharma, A., Chakrabarti, T., & Gupta, R. (2015). Assessment of honking impact on traffic noise in urban traffic environment of Nagpur, India. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40201-015-0164-4

Vukić, L., Mihanović, V., Fredianelli, L., & Plazibat, V. (2021). Seafarers’ perception and attitudes towards noise emission on board ships. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), Article 6671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126671

Wang, L. K., Pereira, N. C., & Hung, Y.-T. (2004). Advanced air and noise pollution control. In Handbook of environmental engineering. Humana Publications.

Wani, K. A., & Jaiswal, Y. K. (2010). Assessment of noise pollution in Gwalior M.P. India. Advances in Bioresearch, 1, 54–60.

World Health Organization. (2005). Guidelines for community noise. WHO-OMS. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/a68672

Yadav, A., Parida, M., & Kumar, B. (2023). Statistical modeling of traffic noise at intersections in a mid-sized city, India. Noise Mapping, 10, Article 20220164. https://doi.org/10.1515/noise-2022-0164

Yilmaz, H., & Özer, S. (2005). Evaluation and analysis of environmental noise pollution in the city of Erzurum, Turkey. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 23, 438–448. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2005.007606

Yu, Y., Su, J., Jerrett, M., Paul, K. C., Lee, E., Shih, I.-F., Haan, M., & Ritz, B. (2023). Air pollution and traffic noise interact to affect cognitive health in older Mexican Americans. Environment International, 173, Article 107810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.107810

Zaheeruddin, Z., & Jain, V. K. (2004). A fuzzy approach for modeling the effects of noise pollution on human health performance. Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, 8, 442–450. https://doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2004.p0442