Geodesy and Cartography

Evaluation of the low-cost depth cameras for non-destructive testing

2025-01-17T18:30:05+02:00

The primary aim of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of a low-cost stereo (depth) camera as a non-destructive tool for the detection and measurement of cracks in concrete surfaces. The experiment was carried out on four concrete beams with cracks, created with different concrete mixes. The mixes of the four beams were made up of lightweight aggregates with 12% of normal weight aggregates. One beam was used as a reference without fibers, while 3D steel fiber reinforcement, 5D steel fibers reinforcement, and a hybrid fibers mix of 5D steel fiber and synthetic were used for the other three beams. The cracks in the beams were measured manually followed by taking their stereo images with a ZED camera. The ZED images were processed to produce 3D models of the concrete surfaces, which are useful for crack measurement in a three-dimensional framework. The project results are particularly significant in the measurement of all three dimensions (length, width and depth), with less than a 10% error between the actual and the experimental procedure. Relatively, multiple differential approaches gave a less accurate result of a 15% error mainly due to syntax errors. Results suggest that the ZED depth camera is an effective tool for robust detection and measurement of cracks in concrete surfaces.

Accuracy assessment of a three-dimensional model obtained using the LiDAR sensor of the iPhone 13 Pro Max

2025-03-19T18:31:08+02:00

Scanning of an educational classroom was performed using the LiDAR sensor of the iPhone 13 Pro Max. Comparison was conducted between the lengths of lines and coordinates determined from the model scanned by the LiDAR sensor with precise data measured using the Leica TCR 405 ultra electronic total station and determined from the model created photogrammetrically from images captured with the Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX100 camera. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of distance and spatial positioning was calculated for the LiDAR-scanned model.

Conceptual modeling of the structure of a geoinformation system for formation of land plots in state and municipal ownership of settlements

2025-03-21T18:31:10+02:00

The article deals with the issues of automation of land cadastral information processing based on the modern international standards for management and processing of geospatial information. Object-relational databases together with the GIS provide powerful opportunities for collection, systematization, processing, analysis of various data, as well as storage and visualization of spatial information. According to the results of the analysis of the current legislative provision and processing of the existing data based on the international standards of the ISO 19110 series, the research developed a conceptual scheme of the geospatial database for the formation of state and municipal land plots within settlements. The research provides a model for checking the topology of the geospatial database of the system of automated formation of state and municipal land plots within settlements according to the structure and requirements of the international standard “ISO 19107:2019 Geographic information. Spatial schema”. The developed conceptual model and topology verification model are the basis for physical data modeling and allow ensuring the principle of interoperability in the Spatial Data Infrastructure.

Structuring and validation of photogrammetric territorial data

2025-03-28T18:31:17+02:00

In the loving memory of Mariasofia Paparo, this publication focuses on the validation procedures of photogrammetric geographic information and the production and interpretation of complex reports, which are essential for handling the vast amount of generated data. Furthermore, sources of error in the structuring of geographic data and the quality parameters and conformity criteria necessary for the utilization of such data within the national geodatabase have been investigated.

Determination of location of historical and cultural heritage objects using photogrammetric and geophysical methods

2025-03-31T18:31:20+03:00

Two central problems related to the study of historical fortification systems are apparent. First, there are high labour costs for the excavation of defensive structures. Therefore, studying each line of defence along its entire length by traditional archaeological methods is practically impossible. That’s probably why special studies of the fortification system are the exception rather than the rule, and information about defensive structures is given in single sections. The second problem is related to the fact that some lines of fortifications were destroyed in ancient times or were practically destroyed due to later economic activity. The specified circumstances determine the need to use photogrammetric and geophysical methods for the preliminary search of the infrastructure of defence structures. This work provides an example of deciding mass graves during the Second World War using the interpretative properties of German aerial photographs of 1944, archival cartographic data on the territory of the Lviv Citadel, where the Nazi concentration camp for prisoners of war Stalag-328 was located during the war. After predetermining the places of mass graves by photogrammetric methods, geophysical surveys were carried out with the help of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for the exact localisation of the graves. 13 locations of mass burials and mass executions and burning of bodies of prisoners of war were discovered.