Jewish heritage in the creative cities of Central and Eastern Europe: tourism, technologies and prosthetic memory
Abstract
This paper deals with Jewish mobile multimedia cultural-heritage, root-diaspora tours and apps. The author presents and compares UNESCO Creative Cities Network of Central and Eastern Europe in which Jewish communities were numerous before the World War II – Budapest (Hungary), Kraków (Poland), Prague (Czech Republic), Kaunas (Lithuania). Also, article deals with other cities of Jewish cultural heritage that are not listed in UNESCO Creative Cities Network as Warsaw, Poland and Vilnius, Lithuania, but propose multimedia tours. I will analyse, how aspects of creative city are included and highlighted in multimedia tours and apps. Visiting of memory sites is very relevant aspect of memory culture, related to other creative and cultural industries – tourism, heritage, museums etc. Cityscape and sites of memory of the Holocaust as cultural topography materialize and embody traumas, regrets, and responsibility to remember past. Contemporary technologies as mobile multimedia tours and apps are designed to aid travellers and tourists to find heritage and other touristic objects in a map, it provides general practical information, as well as maps, photos, augmented reality, and Jewish itineraries. Herewith these new technologies are changing very deeply not only travelling habits or photography practices, they fundamentally transform our relation with cultural heritage and memory. Mobile phones became not only devices for communication, but also as digital prosthetic memory.
Article in English.
Žydų paveldas kūrybiniuose Vidurio ir Rytų Europos miestuose: turizmas, technologijos ir protezinė atmintis
Santrauka
Straipsnyje tyrinėjamas žydų kultūrinis paveldas mobiliosiose technologijose, diasporos ir šaknų paieškos kelionės bei joms skirtos programėlės. Analizuojami ir lyginami Vidurio ir Rytų Europos miestai, kuriuose prieš Antrąjį pasaulinį karą gyveno didelės žydų bendruomenės: Budapeštas (Vengrija), Krokuva (Lenkija), Praha (Čekija), Kaunas (Lietuva). Straipsnyje tyrinėjami ir kitų žydų kultūros paveldo miestai Varšuva (Lenkija) bei Vilnius (Lietuva), kurie turi keliautojams skirtus multimedijų turus. Atminties vietų lankymas yra labai svarbus atminties kultūros aspektas, kuris kartu susijęs su kitomis kūrybinėmis ir kultūrinėmis industrijomis – turizmu, paveldu, muziejais ir kt. Miestovaizdis ir Holokausto atminties vietos kaip kultūrinė topografija materializuoja ir įkūnija traumas, nuoskaudas ir atsakomybę atsiminti praeitį. Šiuolaikinės technologijos kaip mobilūs multimedijų turai ir programėlės yra sukurti taip, kad padėtų keliautojams ir turistams rasti paveldo bei kitus turistinius objektus žemėlapyje, suteikia bendrą praktinę informaciją, pateikia žemėlapius, nuotraukas, taiko papildytąją realybę ir siūlo maršrutus, pritaikytus žydų keliautojui, norinčiam susipažinti su kultūra. Būdamos naudingos, kartu šios technologijos keičia ne tik keliavimo įpročius ar fotografavimo praktikas, bet ir mūsų gelminį santykį su kultūros paveldu bei atmintimi. Mobilieji telefonai tampa ne tik komunikacijos priemone, bet ir skaitmenine protezinės atminties forma.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: miestovaizdis, Kūrybinių miestų tinklas, paveldo kelionės, žydų paveldas, mobilieji multimedijų turai, protezinė atmintis, UNESCO.
Keyword : cityscape, creative cities Network, heritage tours, Jewish heritage, mobile multimedia tours, prosthetic memory, UNESCO
How to Cite
Gaižutytė-Filipavičienė, Žilvinė . (2020). Jewish heritage in the creative cities of Central and Eastern Europe: tourism, technologies and prosthetic memory. Creativity Studies, 13(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2020.6079
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Collins-Kreiner, N. (2010). Current Jewish pilgrimage tourism: modes and models of development. Preliminary Communication, 58(3), 259–270.
Foley, M., & Lennon, J. J. (1996). JFK and dark tourism: a fascination with assassination, Journal of International Heritage Studies, 2(4), 198–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527259608722175
Halbwachs, M. (2008). La topographie légendaire des évangiles en Terre sainte. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
Hartley-Parkinson, R. (2017). Powerful images that show why Holocaust memorial selfies are disrespectful. Metro. Retrieved from https://metro.co.uk/2017/01/19/powerful-images-that-show-why-holocaust-selfies-are-so-disrespectful-6391091/
Hodalska, M. (2017). Selfies at horror sites: dark tourism, Ghoulish souvenirs and digital narcissism. Zeszyty prasoznawcze, 60(2), 405–423. https://doi.org/10.4467/22996362PZ.17.026.7306
Jewish Heritage Tours. (2018). Welcome to JHTee – Jewish heritage tours of Eastern & central Europe and now worldwide tours. Retrieved from http://www.jewishheritagetours.co.uk/private.html
Light, D. (2017). Progress in dark tourism and Thanatourism research: an uneasy relationship with heritage tourism. Tourism Management, 61, 275–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.01.011
Rapold, N. (2016). Sergei Loznitsa’s movie “Austerlitz” observes tourists in concentration camps. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/31/arts/international/sergei-loznitsa-movie-austerlitz-tourists-concentration-camps.html?_r=0
Reading, A. (2009). Memobilia: the mobile phone and the emergence of wearable memories. In J. Garde-Hansen, A. Hoskins, A. Reading (Eds.), Save as... digital memories (pp. 81–95). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230239418_5
Roemer, N. (2010). German city, Jewish memory: the story of worms. Series: The Tauber Institute Series for the Study of European Jewry. J. Reinharz (General Ed.). Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press.
Shapira, Sh. (2017). Yolocaust. Retrieved from https://yolocaust.de/
Witcomb, A. (2013). Using immersive and interactive approaches to interpreting traumatic experiences for tourists: potentials and limitations. In R. Staiff, R. Bushell, & S. Watson (Eds.), Heritage and tourism: place, encounter, engagement (pp. 152–170). New York: Routledge.
Wright, M. J. (2012). Studying Judaism: the critical issues. Series: Studying World Religions. London, New York: Continuum International Publishing Group.
Zephoria. (2017). The Top 20 valuable Facebook statistics – updated May 2017. Retrieved from https://zephoria.com/top-15-valuable-facebook-statistics/