The overview-analytical document of the international experience of building smart city
Abstract
The population of the planet is constantly growing, people are moving to the cities. Recently, more and more interest is being given to smart cities as a guarantee of at least comfortable living of citizens, as a maximum – an ultramodern autonomous city with artificial intellect, anticipating the needs of residents, capable of functioning autonomously for a long time. The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of smart cities, highlight the distinctive and common features and outline the initial stages of the route map for the development of a specific city into a smart city. After the study, it became clear that the concept of “smart city” is very broad, scientists are investing a huge number of parameters that characterize a smart city, but it was possible to identify common characteristics. Also, the hypothesis was tested that the city’s urbanization should be oriented towards the inhabitants of this city, i.е. implemented not by a single algorithm, but by an algorithm that is adapted to the needs of a particular city. We proposed a methodology for the preparatory stage of the city’s self-mastering, which is based on expert assessments by a prior ranking, includes 2 stages and which was tested on the example of Odessa (Ukraine). At the first stage, the questionnaire contained questions about the six main characteristics of a smart city. At this stage three characteristics were singled out, which are of particular concern to Odessa citizens and the second survey contained 36 clarifying questions only for these three characteristics. The results allowed to distinguish 6 characteristics from which it is necessary to start Odessa’s growth as a smart city.
Keyword : smart city, smart city concept, Kyiv Smart City 2020, Songdo, Masdar, Odessa, coefficient of concordance
How to Cite
Bashynska, I., & Dyskina, A. (2018). The overview-analytical document of the international experience of building smart city. Business: Theory and Practice, 19, 228-241. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2018.23
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Geoffron P (2017) Smart Cities and Smart Mobilities. In: The Au- tomobile Revolution. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 3-319-45838-0_6
Goldenberg S (2016) Masdar’s zero-carbon dream could become world’s first green ghost town. The Guardian https://www. theguardian.com/environment/2016/feb/16/masdars-zero- carbon-dream-could-become-worlds-first-green-ghost-town
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Hammoudeh M, Arioua M (2018) Sensors and actuators in Smart Cities. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 7 (1): 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan7010008
Hou W, Ning Z, Guo L (2018) Green survivable collaborative edge computing in smart cities. IEEE Transactions on Indus- trial Informatics 14 (4): 1594-1605. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TII.2018.2797922
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Kai C, Li H, Xu L, Li Y, Jiang T (2018) Energy-efficient device- to-device communications for Green Smart Cities. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 14 (4): 1542-1551. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2017.2789304
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Linsday G (2010) Building a Smarter Favela: IBM Signs Up Rio. Fast Company https://www.fastcompany.com/1712443/ building-smarter-favela-ibm-signs-rio
Lindskog H (1997) Smart communities guidebook: how Cali- fornia’s communities can thrive in the digital age. San Diego: State University of San Diego https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/228371789_Smart_communities_initiatives
Lu W, Gong Y, Liu X, Wu J, Peng H (2018) Collaborative energy and information transfer in green wireless sensor networks for Smart Cities. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 14 (4): 1585-1593. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2017.2777846
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Navigant Research (2016) Smart technologies and infrastructure for energy, water, mobility, buildings, and government: global market analysis and forecasts https://www.navigantresearch.com/reports/smart-cities-overview
Nicolaї I, Le Boennec R (2018) Smart mobility providing smart cities. In: Towards a Sustainable Economy: Paradoxes and Trends in Energy and Transportation. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978.3.319.79060.2
Pan W, Cheng G (2018) QoE assessment of encrypted YouTu- be adaptive streaming for energy saving in Smart Cities. IEEE Access 6: 25142-25156. https://doi.org/10.1109/AC- CESS.2018.2811416
Pinheiro Junior L, Cavalheiro LD (2017) Smart Cities: a research agenda of the Brazilian Smart Cities. In: 14th CONTECSI – International Conference on Information Systems and Technology Management. Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil) https://doi. org/10.5748/9788599693131-14CONTECSI/PS-4646
Portmann E, Finger M, Engesser H (2016) Smart Cities. Infor- matik Spektrum 40 (1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-016-1000-7
Razaghi M, Finger M (2018) Smart Governance for Smart Ci- ties. Proceedings of the IEEE 106 (4): 680-689. https://doi. org/10.1109/JPROC.2018.2807784
Shahidehpour M, Li Z, Ganji M (2018) Smart Cities for a sustai- nable urbanization: illuminating the need for establishing smart urban infrastructures. IEEE Electrification Magazine 6 (2): 16-33. https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2018.2816840
Shapiro A (2015) South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its own. NPR http://www.npr.org/sections/ parallels/2015/10/01/444749534/a-south-korean-city-de- signed-for-the-future-takes-on-a-life-of-its-own
Smart city of the future – Songdo (South Korea) (2016) http:// www.biowatt.com.ua/trends/umnyj-gorod-budushhego- songdo-yuzhnaya koreya
Solic P, Patrono L, Perkovic T, Almeida A (2018) Smart Cities. Journal of communications software and systems 14 (1): 1-3. https://doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v14i1.546
Tanashchuk K, Kovtunenko K, Kovtunenko Yu (2018) Theoretical and Methodical Principles of Capital Structure Management in the Innovation Activity of Telecommunication Operators. Journal of Automation and Information Sciences 50 (3): 71-84. http://10.1615/JAutomatInfScien.v50.i3.60
Technologies for smart cities (2017) Report: St. Petersburg: Foun- dation “Center for Strategic Research” North-West, 110 pp. http://www.csr-nw.ru/files/publications/doklad_tehnolo- gii_dlya_umnyh_gorodov.pdf
The Arab world (2016) Ecologically clean city of the future – Masdar in the UAE http://arabmir.net/node/4209
The concept of Kyiv Smart City 2020 (2017) https://www.ky- ivsmartcity.com/concept
Top 10 Smartest Cities in The World (2017) https://www.wireless- designmag.com/blog/2017/11/top-10-smartest-cities-world
Top 5 smartest Smart Cities in the world (2017) http://www. cbronline.com/news/internetof-things/smart-cities/top- 5-smartest-smart cities
Venkatesh J, Aksanli B, Chan Ch S, Akyurek AS, Simunic Ro- sing T (2018) Modular and personalized Smart Health Ap- plication Design in a Smart City Environment. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 5 (2): 614-623. https://doi.org/10.1109/ JIOT.2017.2712558
Vienna University of Technology (2007). Smart cities: ranking of European medium-sized cities http://www.smart-cities.eu/ download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf
Wang T, Bhuiyan ZA, Wang G, Rahman A, Wu J, Cao J (2018) Big Data reduction for a Smart City’s critical infrastructural health monitoring. IEEE Communications Magazine 56 (3): 128-133. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCE.2017.2717198
World Smart city (2016) The winners of the 2016 World Smart City Awards http://www.smartcityexpo.com/ru/cfa-finalists
Woyke E (2018) Asmarter smart city. Technology review 121 (2): 60-65.
Zambonelli F, Salim F, Loke SW, De Meuter W, Kanhere S (2018) Algorithmic governance in Smart Cities: the conundrum and the potential of pervasive computing solutions. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 37 (2): 80-87. https://doi. org/10.1109/MTS.2018.2826080
Zhang Y, Jiang C, Wang J, Han Z, Yuan J, Cao J (2018) Green Wi- Fi implementation and management in dense autonomous environments for Smart Cities. IEEE Transactions on Indus- trial Informatics 14 (4): 1552-1563. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TII.2017.2785820
Zhou L, Wu D, Chen J, Dong Z (2018) Greening the Smart Cities: energy-efficient massive content delivery via D2D communi- cations. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 14 (4): 1626-1634. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2017.2784100
Zinchenko O (2018) Approaches to strategic planning of sme- aring in some of the world’s cities http://www.researchclub. com.ua/journal/405
Alizadeh T (2018) Crowdsourced Smart Cities versus Corporate Smart Cities. In: The 4th PlanoCosmo International Confe- rence IOP: Earth and Environmental Science 158: 012046 https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/158/1/012046
Almeida VAF, Doneda D, Moreira da Costa E (2018) Huma- ne Smart Cities: the need for governance. IEEE Internet Computing 22 (2): 91-95. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIC.2018.022021671
Arcadis and the Center for Academic and Business Studies. 2016 Global Sustainable Cities Index: Putting people at the heart of city sustainability (2016) https://www.arcadis.com/en/ united-states/our-perspectives/2016/2016-global-sustainable- cities-indexputting-people-at-the-heart-of-city-sustainability/
Attour A, Burger-Helmchen T (2015) Guest editorial. Journal of Strategy and Management 8 (3). https://doi.org/10.1108/ JSMA-06-2015-0046
Bardell A (2018) Living in a Sustainable Smart City. ITNOW 60 (1): 52-55. https://doi.org/10.1093/itnow/bwy024
Bashynska I (2015) Using the method of expert evaluation in economic calculations. Actual Problems of Economics 7 (169): 408-412.
Bashynska I (2016) Using SMM by industrial enterprises. Actual Problems of Economics 12 (186): 360-369.
Betis G, Cassandras Ch G, Nucci C A (2018) Smart Cities. Proceedings of the IEEE 106 (4). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2018.2807784
Bondarev D (2016) I will go to live in Songdo: how to create a utopia from the swamp for 35 billion dollars. Theory&Practice http://theoryandpractice.ru/posts/13795-songdo
Bradbeer R, Tsang KF (2018) Hong Kong chapter organizes su- ccessful smart-city workshop [Society News]. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 7 (2): 11-12. https://doi.org/10.1109/ MCE.2017.2776445
Building a smarter planet, city by city: keynote address at the Smarter Cities Forum, Shanghai (2010) http://www.ibm.com/ smarterplanet/us/en/smarter_cities/article/shanghai_keynote. html
Chaudhary R, Jindal A, Aujla GS, Kumar N, Das AK, Saxena N (2018) LSCSH: Lattice-Based Secure Cryptosystem for Smart Healthcare in Smart Cities Environment. IEEE Com- munications Magazine 56 (4): 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1109/ MCOM.2018.1700787
Chronicle of events from around the world. Songdo: the city of the future, which already exists (2017) http://hronika.info/ fotoreportazhi/170494-songdo-gorod-buduschego-kotoryy- uzhe-suschestvuet-foto.html
Cifaldi G, Serban I (2018) Between a Smart City and Smart Socie- ty. In: Intelligent Human Systems Integration (722): 714-719. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73888-8_110
Cities Economy General Urban Governance IESE Cities in Mo- tion Index (2017) http://blog.iese.edu/cities-challenges-and- management/2017/05/25/164
City Prosperity Initiative (2017) UN-Habitat-2017 https:// unhabitat.org/urban-initiatives/initiatives-programmes/city- prosperity-initiative
Cook DJ, Duncan G, Sprint G, Fritz RL (2018) Using Smart City technology to make healthcare smarter. Proceedings of the IEEE 106 (4): 708-722. https://doi.org/10.1109/ JPROC.2017.2787688
Dias FCA, Cacho NA (2018) A platform for measuring e-parti- cipation in Smart Cities: a case study with Brazilian capitals. IEEE Latin America Transactions 16 (2): 542-548. https://doi. org/10.1109/TLA.2018.8327411
Dyskina А (2017) System technologies as an element of smart innovation in the context of the concept of smart grid. Econo- mic Journal of the Odessa Polytechnic University 2 (2): 70-76.
Ernst L, De Graaf R, Peek G-J, Loorbach D (2015) Sustainable urban transformation and sustainability transitions; concep- tual framework and case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.10.136
Ericsson (2016) City index https://www.ericsson.com/en/trends- and-insights/networked-society-insights/city-index
European Parliament (2014) Mapping Smart Cities in the EU http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/ join/2014/507480/IPOLITRE_ET(2014)507480_EN.pdf
Finger M, Razaghi M (2016) Conceptualizing “Smart Cities”. Informatik Spektrum 40 (1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-016-1002-5
Gascó M, Rosenthal-Sabroux C, Negre E (2016) Introduction to the Smart Cities and Smart City government minitrack. In: 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ HICSS.2015.278
Geoffron P (2017) Smart Cities and Smart Mobilities. In: The Au- tomobile Revolution. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 3-319-45838-0_6
Goldenberg S (2016) Masdar’s zero-carbon dream could become world’s first green ghost town. The Guardian https://www. theguardian.com/environment/2016/feb/16/masdars-zero- carbon-dream-could-become-worlds-first-green-ghost-town
Gómez-Expósito A, Arcos-Vargas A, Maza-Ortega JM, Rosendo- Macías JA, Alvarez-Cordero G, Carillo-Aparicio S, González- Lara J, Morales-Wagner D, González-García T (2018) City- friendly smart network technologies and infrastructures: the Spanish experience. Proceedings of the IEEE 106 (4): 626-660. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2018.2793461
Hammoudeh M, Arioua M (2018) Sensors and actuators in Smart Cities. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 7 (1): 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan7010008
Hou W, Ning Z, Guo L (2018) Green survivable collaborative edge computing in smart cities. IEEE Transactions on Indus- trial Informatics 14 (4): 1594-1605. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TII.2018.2797922
ISO 37120:2018 Sustainable cities and communities – Indicators for city services and quality of life https://www.iso.org/obp/ ui/#iso:std:iso:37120:ed-2:v1:en
Kai C, Li H, Xu L, Li Y, Jiang T (2018) Energy-efficient device- to-device communications for Green Smart Cities. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 14 (4): 1542-1551. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2017.2789304
Kumar H, Singh MK, Gupta MP, Madan J (2018) Moving towards smart cities: solutions that lead to the Smart City transfor- mation framework. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.04.024
Linsday G (2010) Building a Smarter Favela: IBM Signs Up Rio. Fast Company https://www.fastcompany.com/1712443/ building-smarter-favela-ibm-signs-rio
Lindskog H (1997) Smart communities guidebook: how Cali- fornia’s communities can thrive in the digital age. San Diego: State University of San Diego https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/228371789_Smart_communities_initiatives
Lu W, Gong Y, Liu X, Wu J, Peng H (2018) Collaborative energy and information transfer in green wireless sensor networks for Smart Cities. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 14 (4): 1585-1593. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2017.2777846
Mason P (2015) We can’t allow the tech giants to rule smart cities. The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/com- mentisfree/2015/oct/25/we-cant-allow-the-tech-giants-to- rule-smart-cities
Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine (2014) https://mtu.gov.ua/ files/202014-47-.pdf
Mutiara D, Yuniarti S, Pratama B (2018) Smart governance for smart city. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126 (012073) http://iopscience.iop. org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012073/meta
Navigant Research (2016) Smart technologies and infrastructure for energy, water, mobility, buildings, and government: global market analysis and forecasts https://www.navigantresearch.com/reports/smart-cities-overview
Nicolaї I, Le Boennec R (2018) Smart mobility providing smart cities. In: Towards a Sustainable Economy: Paradoxes and Trends in Energy and Transportation. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978.3.319.79060.2
Pan W, Cheng G (2018) QoE assessment of encrypted YouTu- be adaptive streaming for energy saving in Smart Cities. IEEE Access 6: 25142-25156. https://doi.org/10.1109/AC- CESS.2018.2811416
Pinheiro Junior L, Cavalheiro LD (2017) Smart Cities: a research agenda of the Brazilian Smart Cities. In: 14th CONTECSI – International Conference on Information Systems and Technology Management. Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil) https://doi. org/10.5748/9788599693131-14CONTECSI/PS-4646
Portmann E, Finger M, Engesser H (2016) Smart Cities. Infor- matik Spektrum 40 (1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-016-1000-7
Razaghi M, Finger M (2018) Smart Governance for Smart Ci- ties. Proceedings of the IEEE 106 (4): 680-689. https://doi. org/10.1109/JPROC.2018.2807784
Shahidehpour M, Li Z, Ganji M (2018) Smart Cities for a sustai- nable urbanization: illuminating the need for establishing smart urban infrastructures. IEEE Electrification Magazine 6 (2): 16-33. https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2018.2816840
Shapiro A (2015) South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its own. NPR http://www.npr.org/sections/ parallels/2015/10/01/444749534/a-south-korean-city-de- signed-for-the-future-takes-on-a-life-of-its-own
Smart city of the future – Songdo (South Korea) (2016) http:// www.biowatt.com.ua/trends/umnyj-gorod-budushhego- songdo-yuzhnaya koreya
Solic P, Patrono L, Perkovic T, Almeida A (2018) Smart Cities. Journal of communications software and systems 14 (1): 1-3. https://doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v14i1.546
Tanashchuk K, Kovtunenko K, Kovtunenko Yu (2018) Theoretical and Methodical Principles of Capital Structure Management in the Innovation Activity of Telecommunication Operators. Journal of Automation and Information Sciences 50 (3): 71-84. http://10.1615/JAutomatInfScien.v50.i3.60
Technologies for smart cities (2017) Report: St. Petersburg: Foun- dation “Center for Strategic Research” North-West, 110 pp. http://www.csr-nw.ru/files/publications/doklad_tehnolo- gii_dlya_umnyh_gorodov.pdf
The Arab world (2016) Ecologically clean city of the future – Masdar in the UAE http://arabmir.net/node/4209
The concept of Kyiv Smart City 2020 (2017) https://www.ky- ivsmartcity.com/concept
Top 10 Smartest Cities in The World (2017) https://www.wireless- designmag.com/blog/2017/11/top-10-smartest-cities-world
Top 5 smartest Smart Cities in the world (2017) http://www. cbronline.com/news/internetof-things/smart-cities/top- 5-smartest-smart cities
Venkatesh J, Aksanli B, Chan Ch S, Akyurek AS, Simunic Ro- sing T (2018) Modular and personalized Smart Health Ap- plication Design in a Smart City Environment. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 5 (2): 614-623. https://doi.org/10.1109/ JIOT.2017.2712558
Vienna University of Technology (2007). Smart cities: ranking of European medium-sized cities http://www.smart-cities.eu/ download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf
Wang T, Bhuiyan ZA, Wang G, Rahman A, Wu J, Cao J (2018) Big Data reduction for a Smart City’s critical infrastructural health monitoring. IEEE Communications Magazine 56 (3): 128-133. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCE.2017.2717198
World Smart city (2016) The winners of the 2016 World Smart City Awards http://www.smartcityexpo.com/ru/cfa-finalists
Woyke E (2018) Asmarter smart city. Technology review 121 (2): 60-65.
Zambonelli F, Salim F, Loke SW, De Meuter W, Kanhere S (2018) Algorithmic governance in Smart Cities: the conundrum and the potential of pervasive computing solutions. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 37 (2): 80-87. https://doi. org/10.1109/MTS.2018.2826080
Zhang Y, Jiang C, Wang J, Han Z, Yuan J, Cao J (2018) Green Wi- Fi implementation and management in dense autonomous environments for Smart Cities. IEEE Transactions on Indus- trial Informatics 14 (4): 1552-1563. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TII.2017.2785820
Zhou L, Wu D, Chen J, Dong Z (2018) Greening the Smart Cities: energy-efficient massive content delivery via D2D communi- cations. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 14 (4): 1626-1634. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2017.2784100
Zinchenko O (2018) Approaches to strategic planning of sme- aring in some of the world’s cities http://www.researchclub. com.ua/journal/405