Customer-focused aircraft seat design: a case study with AHP-QFD
Abstract
Aviation is rapidly expanding and recovering from the pandemic impact driven by the experience economy. This is particularly subject to interfaces such as the aircraft seats, which are getting intense attention as a differentiator in the cabin. The focal point of this paper is to assess and convert customer requirements into what must be done for an optimum aircraft seat. To achieve this, a 2-step analytic hierarchy process and quality function deployment (AHP-QFD) methodology was successfully applied, consolidating product quality characteristics. Then, it leverages a novel scoring method of interdependencies to isolate dependable design variables. Consequently, safety, weight, and durability scored maximum, emphasizing backrest design and alternative composite materials, while test infrastructure was determined as a critical investment component. Furthermore, it is shown how AHP-QFD can be used for product strategy and strategic portfolio management of R&D projects.
Keyword : aircraft seat, aircraft cabin interior, customer-focused design, TCI, AHP-QFD
How to Cite
Yilmaz Çetin, A., & Ucler, C. (2023). Customer-focused aircraft seat design: a case study with AHP-QFD. Aviation, 27(4), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2023.20210
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Alavi, M., & Leidner, D. E. (2001) Review: Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: Conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly, 25(1), 107–136. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250961
Amer, S. T. (2012). The integration of computer aided design (CAD) and quality function deployment (QFD) in the design and prediction of seat comfort [Doctoral dissertation, Tennessee State University]. Nashville, USA.
Aytac, A., & Deniz, V. (2005). Quality function deployment in education: A curriculum review. Quality and Quantity, 39(4), 507–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-004-6814-8
Bae, B. Y., Kim, S., Lee, J. W., Van Nguyen, N., & Chung, B. C. (2017). Process of establishing design requirements and selecting alternative configurations for conceptual design of a VLA. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 30(2), 738–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2017.02.018
Bekiaris, N. (1999). Advanced aircraft seat design: Designing features for improving comfort and ergonomy [Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology]. Boston, USA.
Benner, M., Linnemann, A. R., Jongen, W. M. F., & Folstar, P. (2003). Quality Function Deployment (QFD): Can it be used to develop food products? Food Quality and Preference, 14(4), 327–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-3293(02)00129-5
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Boiko, Y. (2018). Methods of forming an expert assessment of the criteria of an information system for managing projects and programs. Technology Transfer: Fundamental Principles and Innovative Technical Solutions, 9–11. https://doi.org/10.21303/2585-6847.2018.00766
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Bhattacharya, A., Sarkar, B., & Mukherjee, S. K. (2005). Integrating AHP with QFD for robot selection under requirement perspective. International Journal of Production Research, 43(17), 3671–3685. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540500137217
Bhonge, P. S. (2008). A methodology for aircraft seat certification by dynamic finite element analysis [Doctoral dissertation, Wichita State University]. Wichita, USA.
Chadawada, R., Sarfaraz, A., Jenab, K., & Pourmohammadi, H. (2015). Integration of AHP-QFD for selecting facility location. Benchmarking, 22(3), 411–425. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-06-2013-0064
Chen, S. C., Yang, C. C., Lin, W. T., Yeh, T. M., & Lin, Y. S. (2007). Construction of key model for knowledge management system using AHP‐QFD for semiconductor industry in Taiwan. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 18(5), 576–597. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410380710752671
Chen, C. J., Yang, S. M., & Chang, S. C. (2014). A model integrating fuzzy AHP with QFD for assessing technical factors in aviation safety. International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 5, 761–774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-013-0169-1
Cho, G. H., Park, H. U., Jeon, K. S., Lee, J. W., Byun, Y. H., Kim, S., & Chang, J. W. (2008). A logical approach for evaluating preliminary shape design of a very light jet. In 26th International Congress of the Aeronautical Sciences and 8th AIAA ATIO, 8948. ARC. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-8948
Cristiano, J. J., Liker, J. K., & White III, C. C. (2000). Customer‐driven product development through quality function deployment in the US and Japan. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 17(4), 286–308. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.1740286
Davis, G., Zannier, C., & Geras, A. (2004). QFD for Software Requirements Management [Powerpoint Presentation]. www.adamgeras.com
Dai, J., & Blackhurst, J. (2012). A four-phase AHP–QFD approach for supplier assessment: A sustainability perspective. International Journal of Production Research, 50(19), 5474–5490. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.639396
Dasuki, M. N., & Romli, I. F. (2018). Quality function deployment for new standing cabin concept of commercial transport aircraft. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, SI 5(2), 247–257.
Escobar, M. T., Aguarón, J., & Moreno-Jiménez, J. M. (2004). A note on AHP group consistency for the row geometric mean priorization procedure. European Journal of Operational Research, 153(2), 318–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00154-1
European Aviation Safety Agency. (2003). European Technical Standard Order ETSO-C22g: Seat belts. EASA.
European Aviation Safety Agency. (2011). Certification specifications and acceptable means of compliance for large aeroplanes: CS-25 (Amendment 11. Annex to ED Decision 2011/004/R). EASA.
Eggert, R. J. (2005). Engineering design. Pearson Prentice Hall.
Federal Aviation Administration. (2016). AC 25-17A: Transport airplane cabin interiors crashworthiness handbook. Advisory Circular. U.S. Department of Transportation. FAA.
Fahma, F., Iftadi, I., & Putri, N. A. (2015). Customer requirement analysis of driver’s seat design using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) case study: City car. In Joint International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology and Industrial, Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical Engineering (pp. 173–177). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEVTIMECE.2015.7496654
Franceschini, F. (2002). Advanced quality function deployment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420025439
Franceschini, F., & Maisano, D. (2015). Prioritization of QFD customer requirements based on the law of comparative judgments. Quality Engineering, 27(4), 437–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/08982112.2015.1036292
Govers, C. P. M. (2001). QFD is not just a tool but a way of quality management. International Journal of Production Economics, 69(2), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5273(00)00057-8
Haroglu, D., Powell, N., & Seyam, A. F. M. (2016). Prioritizing sensor performance characteristics for automotive seat weight sensors in Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Advances in Automobile Engineering, 5(153), 2. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000153
Ho, Y. C., & Lin, C. H. (2012). A QFD-and concurrent engineering-based outsourced product development methodology for ODM customers. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 23(9–10), 1153–1169. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2012.669559
Hridoy, R. M., Parvez, M. S., & Mohsin, N. (2020). Joining methods of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Kano Model and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to improve the tractor’s seat design for tractor drivers in Bangladesh. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 10(5), 1073. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2020.105071
International Air Transport Association. (2022). Global outlook for air transport: Times of turbulence (Report). IATA. https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/airline-industry-economic-performance---june-2022---report/
Jiang, C., Yu, S. H., & Yao, L. (2013). Ergonomics evaluation of interior environment of aircraft passenger cabin based on multi-hierarchy grey relation. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 271, 906–911. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.444-445.906
Karasan, A., Ilbahar, E., Cebi, S., & Kahraman, C. (2022). Customer-oriented product design using an integrated neutrosophic AHP & DEMATEL & QFD methodology. Applied Soft Computing, 118, 108445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2022.108445
Kano, N. (1984). Attractive quality and must-be quality. Journal of the Japanese Society for Quality Control, 31(4), 147–156.
Kimball, C., Cox, L., & Bragg, T. (2020). Safran seat attachment system (Report). California Polytechnic State University.
Koh, C. H. (1999). Advanced aircraft seat design: Solving the problem of rearward space intrusion with a sliding-out seat back [Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology]. Boston, USA.
Lee, M. J., Singh, N., & Chan, E. S. W. (2011). Service failures and recovery actions in the hotel industry: A text-mining approach. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 17(3), 197–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766711409182
Liang, G.-S., Ding, J.-F., & Wang, C.-K. (2012). Applying fuzzy quality function deployment to prioritize solutions of knowledge management for an international port in Taiwan. Knowledge-Based Systems, 33, 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2012.03.012
Malkiewicz, A. J. (2011). Development of a wheelchair seat cushion with site-specific temperature control for pressure ulcer prevention [Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA].
Mat, S., Hussin, M. F., Ramli, F. R., Alkahari, M. R., Jamli, M. R., Kudus, S. I. A., & Case, K. (2020). Application of quality function deployment in product design and development: Car seat case study. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials (pp. 81–95). Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4481-1_9
Matzler, K., & Hinterhuber, H. H. (1998). How to make product development projects more successful by integrating Kano’s model of customer satisfaction into quality function deployment. Technovation, 18(1), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(97)00072-2
Mizuno, S., & Akao, Y. (1994). QFD: The customer-driven approach to quality planning and deployment. Asian Productivity Organization. Tokyo, Japan.
Murgatroyd, S. (1993). The house of quality: Using QFD for instructional design in distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 7(2), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923649309526821
Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard Business Review, 7, 97–105.
Purba, H. H., Sunadi, S., Suhendra, S., & Paulina, E. (2020). The application of quality function deployment in car seat industry. ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications, 11(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v11i1.6329
Rajesh, G., & Malliga, P. (2013). Supplier selection based on AHP QFD methodology. Procedia Engineering, 64, 1283–1292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.09.209
Revelle, J. B., Moran, J. W., & Cox, C. A. (1998). The QFD handbook. John Wiley & Sons.
Saaty, T. L. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process. McGraw-Hill. https://doi.org/10.21236/ADA214804
Saaty, T. L. (1990). How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operations Research, 48(1), 9–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(90)90057-I
Singh, M., Sarfaraz, A., Sarfaraz, M., & Jenab, K. (2015). Analytical QFD model for strategic justification of advanced manufacturing technology. International Journal of Business Excellence, 8(1), 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2015.065979
Sun, E., Quizon, K., Hall, R., Turn, D., Holman, N., Kuznik, A., Singh, A., Trejo, A., Zeiss, P., Winkler, J., & Kam, S. (2021). Configurable seat track latching mechanism (Report). G3 Engineering.
Teo, C. H. (1999). Advanced aircraft seat design: The webbing concept [Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology]. Boston, USA.
Terninko, J. (1997). Step-by-step QFD: Customer-driven product design (2nd ed.). CRC Press.
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